Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a refractive error of the eye in which the light that enters the eye is not focused properly, resulting in blurred vision for distant objects. This occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. Myopia can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery.
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| Image Source: Google Photos |
What Is Myopia?
Myopia is a common eye condition in which the eye's natural focusing ability is altered, causing distant objects to appear blurry. This is typically caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as prolonged work (such as reading or using a computer) and lack of outdoor activity.
The eyeball is usually elongated in shape, or the cornea or lens is too curved which causes light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. This is why people with myopia see nearby objects clearly, but distant objects appear blurred.
Myopia can be diagnosed by an eye doctor during a comprehensive eye exam. The eye doctor will measure the patient's visual acuity and use a refraction test to determine the patient's prescription for corrective lenses.
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Myopia can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses, which have a concave lens power that counteracts the eye's natural tendency to focus light in front of the retina.
In recent years, there are also new treatments like Orthokeratology (ortho-k) and Atropine eye drops, and refractive surgery, such as LASIK, that can correct myopia.
It's worth mentioning that Myopia is progressive and can get worse over time, especially in children and teenagers, so regular eye exams are important to monitor the progression of the condition and to make sure that the patient's prescription is up to date.
Myopia Symptoms
The main symptom of myopia is the blurry vision for distant objects. Some other signs and symptoms of myopia include:
- Difficulty seeing road signs or the television from a distance.
- Squinting to see distant objects.
- Headaches are caused by eye strain when trying to see distant objects.
- A tendency to hold reading material close to the face.
- Fatigue or discomfort when performing activities that involve seeing things at a distance, such as driving or playing sports.
It's worth noting that some people with myopia may not experience any symptoms, especially if the condition is mild. However, even without symptoms, myopia can still cause damage to the eye over time, so regular eye exams are recommended to detect and monitor the condition.
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| Image Source: Google Photos |
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Myopia Causes
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is primarily caused by an elongated shape of the eyeball or a cornea that is too curved. This causes light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, resulting in blurred vision for distant objects. There are several factors that contribute to the development of myopia, including:
Genetics: Myopia tends to run in families, and research has shown that certain genes are associated with an increased risk of developing the condition.
Prolonged near work: Activities such as reading, using a computer, or other forms of close-up work can lead to the development of myopia.
Lack of outdoor activity: Studies have shown that people who spend more time outdoors have a lower risk of developing myopia. It is thought that exposure to natural light and the distance viewing associated with outdoor activities may help prevent the condition from developing.
Environmental factors: Studies have suggested that certain environmental factors, such as urbanization and increased education levels, may be associated with increased rates of myopia.
It's worth noting that the exact cause of myopia is still not fully understood and that it is likely a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of the condition.
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Myopia Treatment
Myopia, or nearsightedness, can be treated with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. The goal of treatment is to correct the refractive error of the eye and enable the patient to see clearly.
Glasses: Glasses are the most common treatment for myopia. They have a concave lens power that counteracts the eye's natural tendency to focus light in front of the retina. This allows distant objects to be seen clearly.
Contact Lenses: Contact lenses work in the same way as glasses, but they sit directly on the surface of the eye. They can be a good alternative for people who don't want to wear glasses, but it's important to note that they require good hygiene and care.
Orthokeratology (ortho-k): it's a non-surgical treatment that involves wearing special contact lenses overnight that reshape the cornea while sleeping. This process temporarily corrects myopia, allowing the patient to see clearly during the day without the need for glasses or contact lenses.
Atropine Eye drops: Atropine is a medication that can be instilled in the eye to slow down the progression of myopia in children.
Refractive Surgery: Refractive surgery, such as LASIK, can correct myopia by reshaping the cornea to change the way the eye focuses light. This surgery is typically considered for adults who have stable myopia, and it is not recommended for children.
It's worth mentioning that treatment options may vary depending on the degree of myopia, the age of the patient, and the specific needs of the individual. It's always best to consult with an eye doctor to determine the best treatment plan for you.
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